Liver Function Tests

Liver function tests are performed to evaluate the levels of various liver enzymes and proteins, and how the liver is functioning in general. The liver filters the blood that is circulated through the body, and many chemicals are processed in the liver, including alcohol, over the counter medicines, and prescription drugs.

Over time the function of the liver may be decreased due to the effects of these substances or from various disease states, which is why a health care provider may order a panel of liver function tests. These results can then be used to diagnose a specific disease state, and liver function tests can be performed periodically to determine if chosen treatment regimen is effective, and to monitor the progression of various disease states.

Included in a standard panel of liver function tests are levels of various enzymes and proteins that are produced in the liver.

A serum albumin level can determine if the body is absorbing proteins efficiently;
ALP or alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that can be abnormally high in a number of conditions;
a high level of ALT or alanine transaminase can indicate liver damage like hepatitis or cirrhosis;
AST or aspartate aminotransferase levels are used to diagnose and monitor liver disease;
GGT or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase can differentiate diseases of the liver, bile ducts, and kidneys from bone disease;
PT or prothrombin time can indicate the presence of a bleeding disorder;
serum bilirubin levels determine if jaundice is present; and urine bilirubin is checked by obtaining a 24-hour sample which is used to detect liver or gallbladder problems.

Liver functions tests can provide health care providers with a great amount of information regarding how the liver, kidneys, and bile ducts are working and if other disease states are present. The deteriorated liver condition will likely result in liver cancer! Patients may not always present with symptoms first.

Liver function tests are a simple blood draw that can be performed in the physician’s office or at an outpatient laboratory. These tests are considered routine also, and are covered by most if not all health insurance plans. Ask you physician for further information on liver function tests and if there is any indication that you might need one.